Permian was still a cold period in the Southern Hemisphere and Australia was still connected to Gondwana continent. As during the Carboniferous period, Australia was still very actively volcanic.
In north Queensland for example, there were volcanoes in Torres Strait, Cooktown, Atherton Tablelands, Chillagoe, inland from Townsville, Eungella, and Bowen Basin, that were active for 80 million years. In New South Wales, Permian granites now form much of the New England region.
While during the Carboniferous Period most of the plants were still spore-bearing, the Permian vegetation is characterised by seed-bearing plants. This is a major step in plant evolution.
In the end of Permian, as the climate started getting warmer, there was a global mass extinction, known as the greatest extinction of life on Earth. About 80% of all animal species were wiped out although plants seemed to cope. There are theories about a meteorite, dust clowds, or the Siberian Basalt eruption causing the extinction, but it is not exactly known what happened.
NOTE: This website is written in British English, which is the English we use in Australia. You will find words like "traveller", "harbour" and "realise", and they are all correct in the language used in Australia.