Geography of Australia
Political Geography of Australia
Australia is the only continent that is
covered by one country. It is as large as the whole Europe, and the
whole US. The country is divided into eight states, all with their own
state capitals and state governments. The capital of Australia is Canberra,
which is in the smallest state - Australian
Capital Territory, also called ACT. The rest of the Australian
states are Queensland,
New
South Wales, Victoria,
Tasmania,
South
Australia, Western
Australia
and Northern
Territory. 
Population Geography of Australia
By far the most of the people live in the
south-eastern corner of Australia. The second most inhabited area is
the eastern coast of the continent, and the third is the area around Perth
in south-western
Western Australia.
The rest of this huge continent is very scarcely inhabited, and large
desert areas are totally uninhabited. Compared to Europe and the US, we
have a lot more space in Australia! 
Australian Climate
As you can see when you compare the population and the climate map, Australian climate has to do with where people like to live, and the cooler areas are the most populated because Australia is a very hot country by the world's standards. Most people think that northern Australia is too hot and humid (not me!)
Another thing you notice is that the general thought that southern Australia is the coldest and northern Australia is the hottest part of the continent, is not entirely true. It is really the north-west that is the hottest and the south-east that is the coldest.
Topography
One factor behind that is the Great Dividing Range, Australia's youngest and highest mountain range, that runs along the whole eastern coast of Australia, right up to the Cape York peninsula. Air is cooler higher up, so mountain ranges keep the local climate cooler. (another factor is that southeast is actually further south than southwest - a fact that is easy to miss).
Vegetation Zones
Climate, topography and other factors affect the vegetation. Mountain ranges don't only affect the temperature but also humidity. The eastern coast of Australia is much more humid than the west, and Australia's only real rainforests grow in the east, along the Great Dividing Range. The altitudes have caused the Alpine vegetation in the south east, and open forests grow where the climate is humid enough. Woodlands, scrublands and grasslands grow in drier areas, and the driest areas are covered by deserts.
Natural Hazards
Climate, vegetation and other factors make Australia suffer from quite frequent natural hazards. Over the years, we have had a lot of drought and the dry years in combination with our flammable eucalypt forests create perfect conditions for bushfires, that tend to get worse in the south. Northern Australia on the other hand is threatened by tropical cyclones during the Wet Season, and they cause a fair bit of devastation too. We also have a lot of floods and these happen in the eastern third of the country, while the west is 'as dry as a desert'.
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